Journal of Electrochemistry - taptap真人娱乐

An Electrochemiluminescence-Based Arsenic (III) Sensor using Luminol on Screen-Printed Gold Electrodes

Harmesa Harmesa et al. — Fri, 14 Nov 2025 04:58:09 PST

Electrochemiluminescence (ECL) of luminol has been studied on a screen-printed gold electrode for a simple and sensitive detection of arsenic ions (As(III)). Cyclic voltammetry (CV) was applied as the proposed technique to study luminol's electrochemical behavior and to evaluate the arsenic's effect in the ECL system, while hydrogen peroxide served as a co-reactant to enhance luminol’s light emission under alkaline conditions. To achieve optimal electrode performance, key parameters including pH, scan rate, and the concentrations of H₂O₂ and luminol were carefully optimized. The presence of As(III) induced a quenching effect on the luminol/H₂O₂ ECL system, leading to a linear decrease in ECL signal across the wide concentration range of 1 nM to 150 µM. The system demonstrated a low detection limit of 1.21 nM and exhibited excellent repeatability with a relative standard deviation of 2.27%, highlighting its sensitivity and reliability for As(III) detection. A key advantage of this study was the successful use of commercial bare electrodes, which were readily available and required no modifications, proving their effectiveness for ECL-based arsenic sensing. The optimized buffer solution pH of 10 played a critical role in enhancing arsenic detection selectivity, as it facilitated the optimal deprotonation of luminol and ensured arsenic remained in its dissolved state, whereas other potential metal ion interferences were more likely to form solid metal (hydro)oxides. Furthermore, the developed sensor was successfully applied for As(III) detection in a seawater matrix, demonstrating its potential as a robust and effective ECL-based arsenic sensor for environmental applications.

Axial Sulfur-Coordination Engineering Boosts Fe‒N‒C Catalysts for High-Performance Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells

Lin Lin et al. — Fri, 14 Nov 2025 04:49:39 PST

Fe-N-C catalysts have long suffered from kinetically sluggish oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) due to excessive adsorption strength toward oxygen intermediates and low site utilization. Heteroatom doping effectively accelerates ORR reaction kinetics through electronic structure modulation of metal sites for optimal intermediate adsorption, while chemical vapor deposition (CVD) enhances the turnover frequency (TOF) of active sites. Herein, we develop an FeSNC catalyst featuring abundant FeS₁N₄ sites via a dual-precursor CVD strategy. Experimental and theoretical analyses reveal that S incorporation disrupts the symmetric coordination of active sites, which optimizes OH* adsorption energies from 0.212 eV to 1.194 eV. Moreover, the TOF increased from 1.98 e^-1·site^-1·s^-1 to 6.32 e^-1·site^-1·s^-1, significantly enhancing the intrinsic activity of the catalyst. More notably, the hydrophilic character of S-containing species substantially improved hydrophilicity in the S-doped catalyst, thereby promoting mass transport of oxygen and proton delivery. As a result, FeSNC catalyst exhibits an extremely high half-wave potential of 0.863 V in 0.1 M HClO₄ and achieves a peak power density of 1.2 W·cm^-2 in H₂-O₂ PEMFCs. This work highlight the critical role of coordination engineering.

Triphenylmethane-Derived Levelers for High-Speed Redistribution Layer Copper Electroplating of Tailored Surface Morphologies

Zihao Song et al. — Fri, 14 Nov 2025 04:38:28 PST

Redistribution Layer (RDL), composed of layered dielectrics and electroplated copper materials, is a basic structure to rearrange numerous I/O pads on the chip surface in wafer-level advanced packaging. As the key chemicals in electrolyte baths, electroplating additives have undergone continuous development to meet the industrial needs for high-speed and fine-line/fine-pitch applications. Meanwhile, the intricate relationships between additive chemical structures and electroplated copper properties are yet to be well understood. In this work, a pair of triphenylmethane-based dye molecules, i.e. gentian violet (GV) and methyl green (MG), was comparatively investigated as levelers for high-speed RDL copper electroplating. Compared to GV, significantly stronger electrochemical polarization and tunable deposit morphology can be achieved by MG with just one extra quaternized amine terminal. Combining quantum chemical computations, in situ spectroelectrochemical analyses, and microstructural characterization, it is found that MG possesses enhanced electrostatic adsorption, surface coverage and multi-additive synergies, enabling tailored copper trace morphology. This study elaborates the adsorption mechanism and screening criteria of triphenylmethane-derived levelers and presents a candidate additive structure for high-speed copper electroplating.

Development Trends and Priority Research Fields of Electrochemical Discipline in the 15th Five Year Plan Period

Lin Zhuang et al. — Mon, 27 Oct 2025 21:20:29 PDT

In fulfillment of the national science-and-technology development agenda, the Department of Chemical Sciences of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) convened the Strategic Symposium on the Fifteenth Five-Year (2026–2030) Development Plan for Electrochemistry held in Xiamen on 29 August, 2025—the culminating year of the Fourteenth Five-Year (2021–2025) Development Plan. More than forty leading experts in the field of electrochemistry participated with spanning nine thematic fronts: Interfacial Electrocatalysis, Interfacial Electrochemistry for Energy Storage, Bioelectrochemistry, Electrochemistry of Hydrogen Energy, Electrochemical Micro-/Nano-Manufacturing, Operando Electrochemical Characterization, Electro-Thermal Coupling Catalysis, Theoretical and Computational Electrochemistry, and Electrochemical Synthesis. The forum assembled China’s foremost electrochemical expertise to blueprint high-quality disciplinary growth for the coming five-year period, thereby serving overarching national strategic needs and sharpening the international competitiveness of Chinese electrochemistry.

This paper is presented to highlight the strategic needs and priority areas for the next five years (2026–2030) based on this symposium. The development status of basic research and applied basic research in China’s electrochemistry field is systematically reviewed. The in-depth analyses of the existing problems and key challenges in the research and development of electrochemistry related fields are outlined, and the frontier research areas and development trends in the next 5–10 years by integrating national major strategic needs are discussed, which will further promote the academic community to reach a clearer consensus. The proposed strategic roadmap is intended to accelerate a sharpened community consensus, propel the discipline toward high-quality advancement, and furnish a critical reference for building China into a world-leading science and technology power.

High-voltage Solid-State Lithium Batteries: A Review of Electrolyte Design, Interface Engineering, and Future Perspectives

Cheng Yang et al. — Mon, 27 Oct 2025 21:20:27 PDT

Solid-state lithium batteries have become a research hotspot in the field of large-scale energy storage due to their excellent safety performance. The development of high-voltage positive electrode materials matched with lithium metal anode have advanced the energy density of solid-state lithium batteries close to or even exceeding that of lithium batteries based on a liquid electrolyte, which is expected to be commercialized in the future. However, in high voltage conditions (> 4.3 V), the decomposition of electrolyte components, structural degradation, and interface side reactions significantly reduce battery performance and hinder its further development. This review summarizes the latest research progress of inorganic electrolytes, polymer electrolytes, and composite electrolytes in high-voltage solid-state lithium batteries. At the same time, the designs of high-voltage polymer gel electrolyte and high-voltage quasi solid-state electrolyte are introduced in detail. In addition, interface engineering is crucial for improving the overall performance of high-voltage solid-state batteries. Finally, we highlight the challenges faced by high-voltage solid-state lithium batteries and put forward our own views on future research directions. This review offers instructive insights into the advancement of high-voltage solid-state lithium batteries for large-scale energy storage applications.

Strategies for Obtaining High-Performance Li-Ion Solid-State Electrolytes for Solid-State

Yi-Cheng Deng et al. — Mon, 27 Oct 2025 21:20:24 PDT

With the widespread adoption of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), safety concerns associated with flammable organic electrolytes have become increasingly critical. Solid-state lithium batteries (SSLBs), with enhanced safety and higher energy density potential, are regarded as a promising next-generation energy storage technology. However, the practical application of solid-state electrolytes (SSEs) remains hindered by several challenges, including low Li⁺ ion conductivity, poor interfacial compatibility with electrodes, unfavorable mechanical properties and difficulties in scalable manufacturing. This review systematically examines recent progress in SSEs, including inorganic types (oxides, sulfides, halides), organic types (polymers, plastic crystals, poly(ionic liquids) (PILs)), and the emerging class of soft solid-state electrolytes (S³Es), especially those based on “rigid-flexible synergy” composites and “Li⁺-desolvation” mechanism using porous frameworks. Critical assessment reveals that single-component SSEs face inherent limitations that are difficult to be fully overcome through compositional and structural modification alone. In contrast, S³Es integrate the strength of complementary components to achieve a balanced and synergic enhancement in electrochemical properties (e.g., ionic conductivity and stability window), mechanical integrity, and processability, showing great promise as next-generation SSEs. Furthermore, the application-oriented challenges and emerging trends in S³E research are outlined, aiming to provide strategic insights into future development of high-performance SSEs.

Current Research Progress on Electrode Materials for All-vanadium Redox Flow Batteries

Wenqi Wang et al. — Mon, 13 Oct 2025 19:19:04 PDT

The redox active species in all-vanadium redox flow batteries (VRFBs) reside in the electrolyte, while the heterogeneous reactions occur on the electrode surface; the electrode is therefore the decisive platform for dynamic adsorption, electron transfer, and ion conversion, especially for the VO²⁺/VO₂⁺ and V²⁺/V³⁺ couples. One of the major challenges for VRFB is the slow charge transfer in VO²⁺/VO₂⁺ and V²⁺/V³⁺ reactions, mainly caused by poor catalytic performance of electrodes and weak adhesion of catalysts to electrodes. This review focuses on the key challenges and recent advancements in VRFB. It begins with an overview of VRFB, including their history, working principles, applications, and the advantages and limitations associated with their use. One persistent, under-addressed trade-off is that strategies that boost apparent activity (e.g., high defect density or surface area) can degrade adhesion and cycling durability under flow shear; activity should therefore be co-reported with adhesion and durability descriptors. Addressing this trade-off is critical to improving overall efficiency and stability in VRFB systems. A comprehensive discussion of various electrode materials is presented, categorized by their properties and preparation methods. Special emphasis is placed on the synthesis and application of carbon-based electrode materials, highlighting their potential in addressing these challenges. Finally, we map materials-level gains to stack- and system-level metrics, and outline strategies, with a focus on bifunctional and in-situ grown catalysts, for achieving high-efficiency, high-stability VRFBs.

Carbon Supported Octahedral PtNi Nanoparticles (oct-PtNi/C) as Cathode Catalyst for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFCs) with Improved Activity and Durability

Ziwei Feng et al. — Mon, 13 Oct 2025 00:02:28 PDT

Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) is considered as a promising renewable power source. However, the massive commercial application of PEMFCs was greatly hindered by their high expense and less-satisfied performance mainly due to the sluggish oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) kinetics even on state-of-the-art Pt catalyst. Octahedral PtNi nanoparticles (oct-PtNi NPs) with excellent ORR activity in half-cell have been widely studied, while their performance in membrane electrode assembly (MEA) was much less reported. Herein, we investigated the MEA performance using carbon supported oct-PtNi NPs (oct-PtNi/C) as cathode catalyst. Under mild acid washing condition, the surface Ni atoms of oct-PtNi/C were largely removed, and the performance of the MEA using the acid-leaching oct-PtNi/C (PNC-A) as the cathode catalyst was greatly improved. The maximum power density of the MEA reaches 1.0 W·cm^-² with cathode Pt loading of 0.2 mg·cm^-², which is 15% higher than that using Pt/C as the catalyst. After 30k accelerated degradation test (ADT), the MEA using PNC-A as catalysts shows a performance retention of 82%, higher than that of Pt/C (74%). The results reported here verify the possibility of using PNC-A as an advanced cathode catalyst in PEMFCs, thus can enhancing the performance of PEMFCs while lowering the amount of expensive Pt.

Pooling Top Minds to Map the Future of Electrochemistry—Strategic Symposium on the 15th Five-Year （2026—2030）Development Plan for Electrochemistry Held in Xiamen

Editorial Office of J.Electrochem. — Fri, 26 Sep 2025 03:44:37 PDT

Significantly Enhanced Oxygen Reduction Reaction Activity in Co-N-C Catalysts through Synergistic Boron Doping

Chang Lan et al. — Fri, 26 Sep 2025 03:44:35 PDT

The weak adsorption energy of oxygen-containing intermediates on Co center leads to a considerable performance disparity between Co-N-C and costly Pt benchmark in catalyzing oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). In this work, we strategically engineer the active site structure of Co-N-C via B substitution, which is accomplished by the pyrolysis of ammonium borate. During this process, the in-situ generated NH₃ gas plays a critical role in creating surface defects and boron atoms substituting nitrogen atoms in the carbon structure. The well-designed CoB₁N₃ active site endows Co with higher charge density and stronger adsorption energy toward oxygen species, potentially accelerating ORR kinetics. As expected, the resulting Co-B/N-C catalyst exhibited superior ORR performance over Co-N-C counterpart, with 40 mV, and fivefold enhancement in half-wave potential and turnover frequency (TOF). More importantly, the excellent ORR performance could be translated into membrane electrode assembly (MEA) in a fuel cell test, delivering an impressive peak power density of 824 mW·cm^–2, which is currently the best among Co-based catalysts under the same conditions. This work not only demonstrates an effective method for designing advanced catalysts, but also affords a highly promising non-precious metal ORR electrocatalyst for fuel cell applications.

Local Electric Fields Coupled with Cl⁻ Fixation Strategy for Improving Seawater Oxygen Reduction Reaction Performance

Yu-Rong Liu et al. — Fri, 26 Sep 2025 03:44:33 PDT

Development of robust electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in a seawater electrolyte is the key to realize seawater electrolyte-based zinc-air batteries (SZABs). Herein, constructing a local electric field coupled with chloride ions (Cl⁻) fixation strategy in dual single-atom catalysts (DSACs) was proposed, and the resultant catalyst delivered considerable ORR performance in a seawater electrolyte, with a high half-wave potential (E_1/2) of 0.868 V and a good maximum power density (Pmax) of 182 mW·cm⁻² in the assembled SZABs, much higher than those of the Pt/C catalyst (E_1/2: 0.846 V; Pmax: 150 mW·cm⁻²). The in-situ characterization and theoretical calculations revealed that the Fe sites have a higher Cl⁻ adsorption affinity than the Co sites, and preferentially adsorbs Cl⁻ in a seawater electrolyte during the ORR process, and thus constructs a low-concentration Cl⁻ local microenvironment through the common-ion exclusion effect, which prevents Cl⁻ adsorption and corrosion in the Co active centers, achieving impressive catalytic stability. In addition, the directional charge movement between Fe and Co atomic pairs establishes a local electric field, optimizing the adsorption energy of Co sites for oxygen-containing intermediates, and further improving the ORR activity.

Bridging Materials and Energy Storage Mechanisms in Zn-I₂ Batteries

Rong-Qi Liu et al. — Fri, 26 Sep 2025 03:44:31 PDT

Zinc-iodine (Zn-I₂) batteries have emerged as a compelling candidate for large-scale energy storage, driven by the growing demand for safe, cost-effective, and sustainable alternatives to conventional systems. Benefiting from the inherent advantages of aqueous electrolytes and zinc metal anodes, including high ionic conductivity, low flammability, natural abundance, and high volumetric capacity, Zn-I₂ batteries offer significant potential for grid-level deployment. This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent progress in three critical domains: positive-electrode engineering, zinc anode stabilization, and in situ characterization methods. On the cathode side, anchoring iodine to conductive matrices effectively mitigates polyiodide shuttling and enhances the kinetics of I⁻/I₂ conversion. Advanced in situ characterization has enabled real-time monitoring of polyiodide intermediates (I₃⁻/I₅⁻), offering new insights into electrolyte-electrode interactions and guiding the development of functional additives to suppress shuttle effects. For the zinc anode, innovations such as protective interfacial layers, three-dimensional host frameworks, and targeted electrolyte additives have shown efficacy in suppressing dendrite growth and side reactions, thus improving cycling stability and coulombic efficiency. Despite these advances, challenges remain in achieving long-term reversibility and structural integrity under practical conditions. Future directions include the design of synergistic electrolyte systems, and integrated electrode architectures that simultaneously optimize chemical stability, ion transport and mechanical durability for next-generation Zn-I₂ battery technologies.

Series Reports from Professor Wei’s Group of Chongqing University: Advancements in Electrochemical Energy Conversions (2/4): Report 2: High-Performance Water Splitting Electrocatalysts

Ling Zhang et al. — Fri, 26 Sep 2025 03:44:29 PDT

The unavailability of high-performance and cost-effective electrocatalysts has impeded the large-scale deployment of alkaline water electrolyzers. Professor Zidong Wei’s group has focused on resolving critical challenges in industrial alkaline electrolysis, particularly elucidating hydrogen and oxygen evolution reaction (HER/OER) mechanisms while addressing the persistent activity-stability trade-off. This review summarizes their decade-long progress in developing advanced electrodes, analyzing the origins of sluggish alkaline HER kinetics and OER stability limitations. Professor Wei proposes a unifying “12345 Principle” as an optimization framework. For HER electrocatalysts, they have identified that metal/metal oxide interfaces create synergistic “chimney effect” and “local electric field enhancement effect”, enhancing selective intermediate adsorption, interfacial water enrichment/reorientation, and mass transport under industrial high-polarization conditions. Regarding OER, innovative strategies, including dual-ligand synergistic modulation, lattice oxygen suppression, and self-repairing surface construction, are demonstrated to balance oxygen species adsorption, optimize spin states, and dynamically reinforce metal-oxygen bonds for concurrent activity-stability enhancement. The review concludes by addressing remaining challenges in long-term industrial durability and suggesting future research priorities.